Farm Field Petroglyphs

These geometric petroglyphs depict farm fields/vegetable gardens of The Mogollon (900-1400 AD), an early Native American hunter gatherer people who migrated through mid-Southern New Mexico and mid-Eastern Arizona, following the infrequent rains, the migration of Elk, Deer, Big Horn Sheep, and turkey. They supplemented their food source by planting corn, beans, and squash, and became good at it. Farming allowed groups to stay longer in one area, instead of constantly chasing dwindling populations of wild game. Farming would in time lead to the construction of more permanent housing for groups knowledgeable of growing vegetables.

The zig-zag lines depict the diversion of water from the gravel washes and creek bottoms that flow through this dry country. The squares and rectangles around them suggest the size and shape of the fields. By constantly changing the direction of flow, water velocity can be slowed allowing it to be kept in the garden longer, and soaked up by the dry sandy ground, which releases the minerals and nutrients locked up in partially decayed organic matter in the soil.

The lack of frequent rains, in desert regions allows the soil to retain / compound nutrients for many years, making the soil very fertile and productive with the addition of only water.

These people were serious about farming practice, as their lives depended on it. It is evident today, that they had a far greater knowledge and respect for the Earth than we do, as their race has long since moved on, and the desert here where hundreds of thousands of people lived is free of polution and junk. It has returned to the wild, and looks as if no one ever lived here. Only the foundations of a few small pit houses remain. High up on a rocky outcropping, 20,000 messages like these overlook a vast desert where all that is visible is a single modern day ranch house.

Art, gardening, and irrigation practice was a joy and celebration for these people. It inspired them to leave these timeless messages.

Images of Mogollon Petroglyphs 
Three Rivers Petroglyph site New Mexico

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Rivers_Petroglyph_Site 

Napali

Tropical weather systems brewing over the warm waters of the Pacific Ocean, gather against the towering cliffs of Napali producing almost constant rains high upon the cliff tops, eroding the unstable volcanic soils and rock, providing its weathered appearance. The most beautiful waterfalls I've ever seen are in these cliffs, some thousands of feet high. Napali can only properly be seen by helicopter. The lush green color was refereed to as broccoli tree forests by the helicopter pilot, and they do look just like broccoli. Napali is unlike almost every other place I've been, in that it has qualities of what I imagine Heaven to be like closest to God. He must have created it late, very late on the 6th day when He was at His best.  

There are helicopter tours from the east side of the island near the airport

Image of Napali Coast (offshore from catamaran and air), 
rain forested 5000' volcanic cliffs 
Western Coast of Kauai, HI, U.S.
(The Garden Isle)
.

Big Horn Canyon, WY

Entering the Big Horn Mountains from the west is one of the steepest climbs I have encountered in North America. I remember 2nd gear low in my small motor home and wondering if it would make it. Everything smelled cooked upon reaching the top. The west part of the drive was desert, but upon the high plateau, the drive quickly became forested with mountain meadows and herds of elk for some 30 to 50 miles. The descent into Sheridan is dramatic.

Image Of Big Horn Canyon and Reservoir Wyoming

Harbor at Venice, IT

Man's duty is to educate himself to be creative, his human physical and spiritual value to become a positive number, and his works and voice be of interest.

Image of Harbor at Venice, Italy from ship.

Musa Coccinea/Scarlet Banana

I recently divided and moved this plant..

North side of my house in shade zone 8b Louisiana, Southern U.S.

Musa Coccinea is possibly my most favorite ornamental banana. It grows to 7 feet for me here in zone 8b. A slender, sparse, thin, tender, plant with light green leaves and true red blooms with yellow tips.

It can take very little or almost no wind without getting broken up. It's blooming now in late October, looks best in shade, and blooms just fine with little sun.

I grew it next to a window inside my house the first winter after I bought it as a small 10'' tall division and the foliage was flawless, although it grew a little slow, it was steady. In the spring I planted it in my yard in 3 locations.

It has frozen to the ground all but last winter, which was far warmer than usual and all my bananas grew to absolute maturity. I have never seen this happen before and my place looked like a rain forest. I am wondering if I will ever see it again so lush.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_coccinea 

Musa Ornata Milky Way Banana Flower

Milky Way is a recent introduction to the ornamental banana collectors trade I've had for 4 years maybe. It grows to 7.5' in height and 6' wide in 2 or 3 years for me here. It makes a thick grove as trees grow close together. Leaves have a dark grey purple tinge and blooms are gorgeous but, hard to photograph as automatic focus doesn't like white and tends to focus on something darker like the closest leaf or stem. I've grown it in several different environments here in zone 8b and have been over all very pleased with its performance. However it will not bloom well if it is grown in less than ideal conditions. The plant is a  little hard to find but worth the while. I believe I bought this plant from Martha's Secrets on line store. She 's a very nice lady and good at her business.

Musa Siamensis Banana Flower

Musa Siamensis is a recent introduction into the collectors trade of ornamenatal bananas from Asia that grows to 9'. I hear it can be a little invasive but I've had no problems so far in the 3 or 4 years it's been here in my yard. It seems to like more water than the average ornamental banana, and will not grow taller than 2' nor bloom  in shade. However in full sun and with ample moisture, it's foilage is a beautiful deep rich green I haven't seen before in any banana tree. I have it growing in three environments and next spring I think know what to do with it. 

Garden in the Sky / La Granja Colca Canyon, Peru

 
Images of  La Granja                   
Colca Canyon, Peru ( on a part of the canyon called "The Crack ")

La Granja Spanish Definition - La =  "the'' feminine, Granja = A garden / farm worked for one man for his family / a school / place of learning for children / steep and narrow lesson to those who have forgotten from where all things come.

Dolomite Mountain Range, Northern Italy

Scratched Film Image of entering Dolomite Mountain Range in Northern Italy, driving from Southern Austria

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolomites 

Santa Catalina Convent / Cusco, Peru

You were not supposed to see this and other forthcoming images, as an overly protective spirit guard would not allow the taking of photographs here.

I told the guard It should not keep such a collection of generous thought locked up in a darkened cave, that little kids should see it in far away lands...

At that instant, every trace of the spirit disappeared, and the room was filled with a golden light.


Image of side Chapel at Santa Catalina Convent and Museum / Cusco, Peru

Farm Fields in the Desert at Arequipa, Peru

The thin and raveling thread of life, 

a frailty where everything is gained and nothing is lost, 

I heard a wise man say, 

"you must leave the smallness of your self 

to find every beauty, 

 the greatest of which requires you never return. 

Image of irrigated farm fields in barren Peruvian desert, Rio Chili river, AQP runway.

Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu (pronounced Machu Picktchu) means old mountain. The ruins here are for the most part as they were when Hirum Bingham cleared them of rain forest in the early 1900's. Many ancient ruins were reconstructed to some extent, but these were not. Except for long decayed roof poles and thatched rooves, the high quality stonework is in excellent condition, as it was when abandoned and overgrown by rainforest.

Extremely remote and invisible from the narrow valley floor 3000' below, it is believed to have been a hiding place for the Inca elite during times of war. Fertile topsoil from the Sacred Valley was carried up the mountain to fill the garden terraces. Many of the crops grown in Peru today were grown here in these terraces long ago, to make life in Machu Picchu sustainable during periods when crops were raided down below.

The earliest stone work was built in the megalithic period, many thousands of years before the arrival of the Inca, who expanded the site to what it is now. The megalithic construction is believed to be more of a spiritual nature, when population was sparse, and war wasn't as likely. However in the days of the Inca people, the Sacred Valley and surrounding mountains were well populated.

The peoples who constructed the Megalithic stone masonry here and all around the world are an even bigger mystery than the Inca. Almost nothing is known about them, except the fact that they lived many thousands of years before the Inca, and their knowledge of stone cutting and placement is unsurpassed even to this day. We can not duplicate it.

This leads one to suspect a more advanced civilization may have lived thousands of years before us, that man's understanding of his small window in time, his cultural methods and philosophy of priorities are in need of study, in light of the fact that these peoples have all vanished.

This will be the 1st of many images of Machu Picchu and Aguas Calientes I hope to publish here. If you are thinking of visiting Machu Picchu, spend the night in Aguas Calientes, and take the early shuttle bus up the mountain to beat the crowd. Be sure to book train tickets from Ollantaytambo (the end of the road) to Machu Picchu (Aguas Calientes) well in advance , as they at times are sold out. Shuttle bus tickets may be purchased the evening before in Aguas Calientes.

Images of Machu Picchu (Huayna Picchu Mountain) in the early morning . West / Left facade, then East / right facade from entrance gate of sanctuary.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machu_Picchu

Alaska Cotten

Image of Eriophorum, (Alaska Cotton) near Haines Junction, Yukon. Looking towards the St. Elias Mountains of Kluane National Park and Reserve, home of Mount Logan (5959 meters), the highest mountain in Canada.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriophorum

Bryce Canyon National Park

https://en.

A terrible place to loose a cow.

                                                                                    wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryce_Canyon_National_Park

The over winter greenhouse

I use a gas heater with a thermostat set to 54 degrees for tropicals. This is to save plants from freezing only, the 2 coldest months of the year, and to extend the growing season 6 to 8 weeks of the year. Without artificial heat, a hoop house of this size will only extend the growing season by 4   weeks, or one zone.  So some of the elephant ears in this image would go dormant in January... When its 25 degrees out for 10 hrs. it gets into the high 30s inside just before dawn for 1 or 2 hours, so the most tender of plants, in the coldest 1 or 2 months, will go into dormancy. I have found over the years that some bulbs do not survive these short periods of cold then warm, but rot, and would fare better in the ground outside covered with mulch. However this is a plant collectors green house. Hardiness, moisture requirements, mature size, disease and pest restance, behavior, shade sun tolerance are unknown, as many of the plants have only recently been discovered in far away lands by plant hunters, spent a period in the USDA quarentine station, then sent to tissue culture labs or propagated for plant collectors like me who grow them in different environments to find where they fare best. 25 to 30 percent are finicky and hard to grow, 60 percent are worth having beside something prettier, but about 5 in 100 are wondrous, and make the horticultural industry.

These palms are too close together.

The location of your greenhouse is important. These are often temporary structures in a subtropical climate, built as inexpensively as possible. Many gardeners aren't sure just how deep they want to get into it, so it makes sense to start small. If your serious get the heavy duty poly covering. The light duty will only last a year, then get brittle. The heavy may go 5 to 6 years if you get all the wrinkles out and stretch it tightly. Put your covering on in the hottest sun, in the middle of the day, and pull it as tight as you can rolling the ends at least 3 times before stapling with 9/16 x 14mm staples. Make sure the staples are smashed down tight holding the poly tightly or it will rip during the contraction in cold weather when it gets tight. Any wrinkle that is moved by the wind will not last. There is heavy duty patching tape for these problemed areas.
 Even an expensive professional greenhouses can't take the high winds that they will sooner or later be exposed to. A location sheltered from the prevailing winds, storms, and northern fronts will keep you from worring in gusts of wind . If there is nothing like this around, you could plant them. A large clumping type subtropical bamboo did much to save my house during 12 hours of 140 mph winds in Hurricane Rita in 2005 (bambusa textillis). It comes in a large and smaller form. It is hardy to 15° F when it gets frost bitten. Here in zone 8b it froze to the ground 30 years ago @ 8° F, and recovered in about 3 years as pretty as ever. If you don't have much room you should try something smaller. Southern live oak, bald cypress, and clumping bamboos made up the bulk of what was left when the wind subsided after Rita.

Make sure the location has good drainage. Water from rains and watering plants should drain away sufficiently well. Imported sandy soil is usually necessary to some degree. During the rainy season would be the time to check drainage before you build anything.

Half as much magnification would be better.

Growing is a joy if your setup is done properly, but if it isn't you will be more likely to fail and become discouraged before you start.

USGS The old people know.

Overwinter greenhouses often have too many plants in them. This allows spread of pests and disease quickly. You must realize the forces of pests and diseases, though low on the food chain, are bigger than men by proportions unimaginable. If you can, space plants leaving 12'' or more between. Do not wet the foliage in a green house and do not water excessively, but keep the ground or floor as dry as possible. Plants need less water this time of year. Keep them a little on the dry side.

Though only little bugs, small infestation of white flies, mites, or aphids can become almost as bad as the cold temps outside. Get yourself a pocket microscope ($10 on line). The one depicted here magnifies too much, so try one with less magnification. Go online and study spot, fungus, aphids, white flies, and mites. Spot or fungus will be a problem in greenhouses that stay too damp. Keep your plants 18'' off the ground or floor for plants subject to spot such as palms.  Spot and fungus live on the ground and contact plants when a drop of water hits the ground and splashes the tiniest particle of moisture on them. Even condensed moisture dripping from the poly top starts infestations when it drips to the floor and splashes on the plants. Then when your moving plants around, one that has spot touches the other and bingo.

Your watering wand spreads spot from one plant to the other while watering. Most tropical plants eat spot and fungus for breakfast so don't worry about spot on them so much, only the pests.

Pointed slightly downward.

 A greenhouse crowded with plants is absolutely no good without air movement. Fans help keep humidity consistent throughout the space, and pests find it tuff to suck sap in the wind. I bought a couple cheap but bad ass little fans from Walmart and one runs during summer to tend the few plants that stay inside. It has been running for eleven months 24/7 and it's so quiet all you can hear is the air in the blades.

On warm days open your house up and let the natural breeze through. Sometimes when it's cold out,  the best way to control the pest is to drop the temperature inside the greenhouse and spray everything in it with a soap (fatty acid only, Palmolive green dish detergent) and water mixture. If a plant is infested really bad with pests, put there butt outside in 33 degrees.

You can burn more sensitive plants with soap, so mix properly. This is your best weapon against these pests. You can spend 30 years trying every thing else, but you will come back to it. Spray bottom of leaves first, and then top until run off. Good luck

Wheat field in the Clouds, Andes Mountains

With a greater understanding of it, the depth of beauty increases. What good is a mountain in the darkness.

Nelumbo nucifera, The President lotus

4th day flower.

             Lotus are an invasive, or you might say successful aquatic plant. Don't plant them in an earthen bottom pond unless you want a pond full of lotus. I've had them in my pond rooted in 8' of water, and from that point the runners can spread another 15 feet on the surface, literally covering the surface of a large pond in 5 or 7 years. This can be depressing if you want to fish. However, you will not be sad at bloom time. A field of blooming lotus commands the attention of Kings. As glorious a sight as any mountain range they are. Yes Sir.

2nd day flower.

If you by some chance let them get away, the best thing to do first could possibly be nothing. Lotus are heavy feeders and if you've had an influx of fertilizer in your water for some reason, the lotus will eat every bit of it and possibly starve themselves out. When the nutrients are gone the lotus count will definitely dwindle.

This is what happened in my pond some years ago when I planted azaleas all around it and fertilized them regularly. The run off from the sprinkler system drained in the pond. As soon as the azaleas took root and started growing on there own, I quit fertilizing them and the lotus are now 99% gone. These first lotus were the native American lotus ( Nelumbo lutea ), nucifera species, and Mrs. Perry D Slocum, quite a sight in summer. I've never had The President before this year (Pond Mega-store $40 )... It's a bit more red than other reds and the species plant. It's in a 30 gallon tub now with 6'' of topsoil and water. The open flower is 11 inches wide.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelumbo

Kingdom of Heaven

" The Kingdom of Heaven is like treasure hidden in a field. When a man found it, he hid it again, and then in his joy went and sold all that he had and bought that field.

Mathew 13:44  NIV


Wheat fields here at an elevation of 12,000' and higher, are sometimes in the clouds.

Image of farm fields in the Andes Mountains near Salinas de Maras, Peru.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable_of_the_Hidden_Treasure 

Ice Cream Banana, Musa Blue Java

This is a mature grove of ice cream banana I've had many years, but I've never tasted one because here in zone 8b, September usually catches the bunches at about this stage of developement, and cool temperatures won't allow the two more months further development needed to ripen , so they just linger until frost.

However last winter was not cold enough to kill the plants and for some reason they bloomed early. The bananas in this image should have time to ripen before the cool weather gets here, so I fertilized them, which helps development. They are supposed to have the flavor of vanilla ice cream. The plants are about 15 foot tall. Average trunk diameter is 12 inches.

Bananas are easy to grow providing they get lots of water, they like being watered from the top, as if it were rain. It cools the tree from warm temperatures that occur at the hottest part of the day, which is when thunderstorms occur in the natural environment, and the plant drinks from where water collects in natural pockets formed, where the leaves meet the pseudostem, as well as the roots. They love rainy weather and the past couple years here have been abnormally wet. I don't usually fertilize them unless there is a chance I get fruit. This summer there are more flowers in my Banana groves than I've ever seen.

The banana tree is not a tree at all, but a herbaceous plant, a herb, or a berry.There is no woody substance in the trunk (pseudostem). However bananas are fruit.

One surprising thing about banana trees I've experienced is that once a banana tree has achieved its mature form, it does fine in temperatures to cool for it to have matured in the first place. It will do well, and seems to like temps around 60F.

October 14,16 my banana bunches are ripening beautifully. This is a very sweet, fruity, slightly tart, tasty banana.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Java_banana 

Musa laterita, Bronze Banana

Musa laterita is one fine ornamental banana. Native to Indochina, it's only grown in the U.S. by a few collectors, and not very well known to the trade, garden centers, or the average gardener. It is an inedible,  joyous celebration of a plant and it's not da kine to get rid a bra, as the Hawaiians might say.

It behaves just like a typical banana, it wakes up late March here in the South, and begins growing like a banana should 1st of May.

Bananas hate wind, it can make them ragedy, they're just not made sturdy enough, but can rebound from a storm quickly.  They love heat to 90F but get droopy at 95F and any hotter they will look plum sickly.  Banana trees love rain, three times a day, every day is what they like, with good drainage of cource. They are imune to fungus, spot, and pest free here. They love grass clippings or anything organic from last year around the base. Old bales of hay work wonderfully, the older the better, and especially during droughts.

8' high 10 ' wide grove started 2 years ago with 3 small plants.

If your banana freezes in winter, let it keep the years growth. It's what it will feed on next spring and summer, so cut it slightly above the ground, pile the old growth on top of the corm and cover the unsightliness with the mulch of your choice. I use old hay spread 2'' thick everywhere except around the house. I believe it is more nutritious than pine bark, and more so readily available to the plant.

The best thing you can do for your plant is improve the ground around it. So learn of its sand, clay content, porosity, and PH. This will eventually lead you to understand that the plant benefits greatly from the grass clippings around it, so improve the health of your grass, and throw it towards your plant with the lawn mower. I am a long time plant collector, and every plant I have in the ground, loves the flavor of grass clippings.

All green things speak the same language, unlike the man who spends most of his life learning the most basic terminology. The problem is, he thinks too often he is the teacher, but in fact the student to a source all knowing. So pay attention to this fact early in your life, and you will learn all important and beautifully far ranging truths.

If you fertilize bananas with cheap triple 13 fertilizer, they will make you smile brother, but they are not picky, they do just fine with little attention in the Southeast, where it should be against the law not to have a banana tree by your porch, so when it rains, it can summon the beauty of its home in the moan-tane rainforest.  If you walk through the rain forest, in the rain cousin, you will understand.

Musa laterita will flower it's heart out for you. As soon as it achieves its full height in May, it will bloom till the temps dip below 55F in the fall, then it will get sleepy until the frost kills it to the ground, at which point, the corm rests the winter to do it all over again next spring, here in South Louisiana, zone 8b... Imagine a good and faithful soldier.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_laterita

Megalithic Stone work at Ollantaytambo, Peru

Megalithic Period stone work.

The stone masonry in this rock wall is believed to represent the earliest of all peoples to reside in The Sacred Valley. It is understood by experts, that these mysteriously advanced stone construction practices predate the Inca by thousands of years, as early works have been excavated and carbon dated to 12,000 years old at the lower levels, which is referred to as the Megalithic period. The Inca, in many places in South America, merely built atop the much older ruins of a far advanced civilization long vanished. What?

South America is a treasure chest of ancient ruins, the most awesome of which are accessible only by days of hiking, usually in remote high areas, and have never been cleared of forest or excavated, some estimated older than the Pyramids of Giza. If this is true, then life possibly began here instead of Africa.

The Sacred Valley of Peru is made of the highest convictions. The construction practices used, the artistic manipulation of stone ( stone masonry) the cutting/ fitting of dense material to such close tolerances as depicted, the transport of items to 300 tons from a distant mountain and across a valley are puzzling even by the standards of 21st century machinery and engineering. The oldest stone work here in The Archaelogical Park at Ollantaytambo is considered among the best in Peru.

As a whole, we don't understand how they did it, or what became of this discipline as it appears to have vanished long before the appearance of the Inca.

View from the top of the Fortress/Temple

The possibility is visible that, the spirituality/mindset/intellect/purest will of the peoples, who ever they are/were, that built these works of high regard, are/were by these values, superior to too many of us.

We as simple creatures have been taught that evolution along with the education process of this so called modern day will produce a more complete society, where in fact it is exactly possible that the contrary, amongst other unimaginable scenarios is true, and according to the ages, time in its vastness sees what men might ever think irrelevant. The intelligence of mankind is being limited by a shortsighted misconception, that there is no need for it, and possibly has been this way for millennia.

From the Temple/Fortress across The Sacred Valley to Pinkuylluna and Grainary Ruin

The answer could be in the purest form_ in the form of the question. It is well inscribed  into every particle here in this garden, into the Moan-tanes, and the night sky.

The question allows convictions of  the highest order, a freedom for each individual to create in himself, the scope of his being. The evidence here insists that if one wishes and works real hard at it, he may advance himself far above the understanding of a vast majority who can/will not read the inscription in every particle, the universally glyphic language of images. The understanding to the grave complications of humanity is contingent upon the ability to decifer from a far greater source of information, available only in a language of images. This is the best medium to deliver/translate information.

But to understand from what one sees, then decide upon an action to take is a responsibility a complacent population does not want to assume. It is a matter of choice to be so devout/deciplined. Only few will undertake such an enormous/incompatable endeavor. The far greater majority want to be comfortably led.

This is exactly where a population becomes separated into 2 groups. One who believes it is detrimental, and the other understands with good reason it is imperative.

At this point, these two groups of people loose the ability to communicate, one does not see the other as living in the same time. The other believes the one to be extinct. One struggles to speak, while the other only hears the wind.

Group #2 operates as a whole, their ideas are based on the human condition, worldly goods. What is valued most important to them is appearances and the self. Their numbers constitute the visible population of humanity.

Group #1 operates, each as an individual. Their ideas are based on every demention of the absolute. What is valued most important to them is the beauty of the truth, mans role in its appreciation. Their numbers are scant.

Group #1 built the lower levels of these sites.


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollantaytambo

Ollantaytambo, Sacred Valley, Peru

Street in the old town near hotels/hostals/beds and breakfasts within walking distance of the most fascinating ruins the most high minded of men could imagine.

This place is Uplifting Cousin, and I want you to go. So get off it and online to see just how affordable Peru travel is. Gas is about $1 US per gallon here, so guess what, taxis and buses are cheap. WiFi is decent and almost always free at hostels and hotels although service is sometimes spotty or disrupted in smaller towns. You may have to go across the room or street and try again. Check with your hotel for taxi prices. Hotels and taxis are all connected and on the same page with prices for fares and tours. Generally, a taxi for all day is S/.220  or about USD $72. Taxi from Cusco to Urubamba or Ollantaytambo is S/.170 or about USD $45 to $55. Collectivos are much less. Buses are dirt cheap if you have time. An English speaking cab driver will cost a little extra. Spanish is the #2 language in the world and will be, so learn the basics. A tour guide will also be extra. So read up and know what you are going to see before you get there.

Terraces at Pumatallis.

I handle all travel arrangements myself, and the bill is usually 60% of what guided tours are (5 flights on this trip) hotels (6 on this trip),  I stay longer and see more than the tours do and usually know more than the tour guide does. However time schedules are stressful and delays may cost you whereas tour companies usually absorb this. My vacations are really not relaxing but grueling workaholic fact finding photo expeditions. Three and four in the morning to dark thirty, days are full, there is usually an apple or cheese crackers for lunch. I suck the melted Hershey bars from the wrapper and there is never enough water. I like it like that. I go to see something new and beautiful and come home every day completely exhausted, to crash and look at some of the images I made that day to make sure I am doing my best. I have a photographic memory. It's a wonderful thing to be able to relive these special days far into the future.

The language barrier is really no problem, just negotiate where you want to go, which takes few words, smile, pat the driver on the back, say I buy lunch, OK?  And its on cousin. This simple offering suggests that you take care of the people around you, and instills confidence in strangers you need to help you. Keep your word, and be good to them, this allows for their judgment to give you the benefit of the doubt, and they will take you to that special place no one else gets to see. They will work hard for you.

Ruins atop Pumatallis, terraces at Ollantaytambo overlook Sacred Valley.

Know from exactly which point in the ruin you need to be at sunrise to get the image you fancy. Study the forums, (Trip Advisor)  and others who will answer all your questions before you get to Peru with them. Peru is not the place to be unknowing. Ponder google images for every possible image of a particular sight and know that there will be a dandy you wont know about until you get back home.

Watch the videos on YouTube.  Buy a couple books on the Sacred Valley and Cusco on line. There are so many to choose from. No I don't get paid for this. When you get back you will understand fully. I just don't want you to miss U. flight 854 IAH Depart Houston 4:50pm  nonstop approx. 6.5 hrs Arrive Lima 10:54.

Brugmansia (Angels Trumpet) grows wild here.

The Peruvian Sole is a very stable currency at about .33 to the USD. So don't worry about trading cash. Bring unblemished Soles and a few US dollars from a US or foreign bank. Don't trade in Peru as counterfeit is common. Funds for services are commonly secured by credit card # at time of booking, but when its time to pay up in Peru, businesses and individuals usually want cash. US dollars are largely welcome but the Sole is boss here and good as gold. Peru is a cash society. People here do business in cash. They will scrutinize both sides of every bill you give them as they have all been burnt. Don't hand them money any faster than they can look it over. This is not polite. Peruvians are a very polite and patient people. They want late model clean and crisp currency without excessive wear.

We stayed at Ollay 3 days. Its owners were two young people, with a little boy getting started in the hotel/taxi/tour business. The hotel manager was an eager to help people person from Belgium, he spoke fluent English, French, Spanish for sure and people from Belgium often speak German, the language of their eastern neighbors and probably family, but I did not hear it spoken. But this is not typical.

 Tourism is big in Peru and its people are excellent in the hotel restaurant trade. Did I say the food is outstanding, fresh, beautifully prepared. The alpaca, Llama meat isn't wild tasting but much like beef. Roasted chicken is is where I started while I did a lot of tasting of so many vegetables I had never seen before. Peruvian food is far more healthy than American food and a late lunch is the big meal of the day at which time everything stops brother, everything. Check with you doctor to see if you can eat the unpeeled uncooked fruits and vegetables.  The small, yellow, bruised up, pointed, bananas are better than any banana I've ever tasted here in the U.S.

Hotels can arrange any kind of tour, get you a car taxi, motorbike taxi in 5 minutes, know where everything is in town and The Sacred Valley, and for some reason have the most soft spoken, patient and polite receptionists, real Ladies and Gentleman. I am practicing this. It would be a good place to send American children to school to learn some respect from the Peruvian children.

Ronaldo, our driver took us down every beautiful road in the Sacred Valley. I had no idea the countryside in the high country near Maras was so beautiful, especially the rolling hills within sight of glaciers in the high Andes, and patchwork different colored farm fields and sprawling golden wheat fields that touch the clouds. Holy Smoke man, I would have gone much, much farther to see that alone.

Typical street in old town, ancient ruins upper left.

Ronaldo took us to Morray, Maras, Chinchero, Pisac, Sacsayhuaman, and other gems near Cusco and then to our hotel in Cusco.

Our hostal in Ollay had just outside the window a rocky, mountain fed stream, a towering mountain, and a cornfield with a farmer tending his cows and burrows in the old manner. These people treated us really good. They were more than reasonable, and we felt safe with them. The little boy likes Hershey bars and M&Ms, Could you bring some extra? 


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollantaytambo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred_Valley

Growing Sweet Corn

The pan is 9 inches wide.

 This is the 1st season I planted Mirai 350bc sweet corn. I read about it in online reviews. All I heard was praise. So I bought a thousand untreated seed from Vermont Bean.

When the seed arrived it looked desiccated beyond what corn seed should look like.  So I figured I might have gotten bad seed.

Late winter here in zone 8b was warm enough for the grass to be green in my garden, and far too wet to prepare rows which we must use in South Louisiana to keep the seed from sitting in water in our flat terrain.

If planting 2 different types corn, you must have them at least 1000' apart to realize a crop true to name, to prevent cross pollination.

Clouds parted for a couple days and I tilled the garden with a heavy tiller. Weather would not permit any drying time, so I made rows and planted the crummy looking seed in almost mud, and churned up grass. When I got through all I could say good was the rows were straight. I wouldn't give 2 bits for the whole dog gone thing. Sometimes it's the best one can do.

Plant a seed young man.

It rained three weeks during which time every single seed came up in the mud, like rice. The mole crickets moved in and cut a few. I managed to hoe around it at about 12 inches tall, and hill a little. I sprayed seedlings for cut worms. It rained.

I sprayed the new silk for worms and worms gave me no trouble. It did very well growing in mud. It made a pretty good number of ears. It is by far the tenderest corn I have ever eaten, and the sweetest. Ears are a little small (6 to 7 inches, the pan is 9 inches wide) but extremely uniform and easier to handle, and chomp on when eating fresh boiled. I think this is good, despite the fact I wanted big ears. Huh! I have changed my mind again. 

 There are many good types of sweet corn to plant, but I will probably plant this again next season, as I am very happy with its performing so well under adverse conditions. This fact is uncommon. Good Luck.